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I. Unifying italy A.obstacles to the itailin unity. 1. mazzi establishes young Italy a. In the 1830's the nationalist leader Giuseppe Mazzini found young Italy. b. The goal of the secret was to constitute Italy c. In 1849, Mazzi helped set up a revolutionary republic in Rome d. Mazzi spent much of his life in exile

2.Nationalism takes root a.To the nationalists like Mazzi a untied italy made sense not only because of geography because of common launguage and history b. Itailians are the glories of ancient rome and the medieval papacy.

B.The Struggle for Italy 1.Cavor becames prime minister. a.In 1852, victor emmanuel made Count Camillo Cavour his prime minister. b.Cavor was a monarchist who believed in real

2. Intrigue with France A. In 1855, Sarinda led by cavor joined Britian and france against russia. b. Sarinda also gained the attention of Napoleon III

3.Garibaldi’s “Red Shirts a. Garibadi wanted to create an italin republic b. garbialdi had recruited a force of 1,000 red shirted volunteers.

4. Unity at last a. Cavor urged victor emmanuel to send sardinion troops to deal with garbaldi b.Garblida turned over raples and sicily to victor emmanuel c. Italy was a united land

C.Challenges facing the new nation a.The north was richer and had more cities then the south. b.The south on the other hand was rurual and poor. c.The government granted the papacy the small territory of the Vatican. Popes, however, saw themselves as “prisoners” and urged Italian Catholics—almost all Italians—not to cooperate with their new government.

2.Turmoil A. The king appointed members to the upper house which could veto bills passed by the lower house. b. in the late 1800's unfest increased as radicals on the left struggled against a conservatlive goverment

3.Economic Progress A. Italy devlop ecnomically, espically after 1900. b. one important saftey value for many people was emiggration or movement away from their homeland. c. many itialins left for the united states, canada and latin. american nations.